{"id":2556,"date":"2011-05-09T05:00:22","date_gmt":"2011-05-09T05:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xromata.com\/?p=2556"},"modified":"2011-05-13T13:55:47","modified_gmt":"2011-05-13T13:55:47","slug":"%ce%a0%cf%85%ce%b8%ce%b1%ce%b3%ce%bf%cf%81%ce%b1%cf%82-%ce%ba%ce%b1%ce%b9-%ce%bc%ce%b5%ce%bb%ce%b1%ce%bd%ce%b9%ce%bd%ce%b7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xromata.com\/?p=2556","title":{"rendered":"\u03a0\u03c5\u03b8\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 – Pythagoras and melanin"},"content":{"rendered":"

Η μελαν\u03afνη και ο Πυθαγ\u03ccρας<\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/u><\/p>\n

<\/o:p><\/span><\/u><\/p>\n

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 \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Μιλ\u03aeσαμε \u03aeδη σε προηγο\u03cdμενα <\/span>posts<\/span> <\/span>για τις βιο χρωστικ\u03adς των δυο βασιλε\u03afων, του ζωικο\u03cd και του φυτικο\u03cd και πριν μπο\u03cdμε αναλυτικ\u03ccτερα στο χρωματικ\u03cc αυτ\u03cc θ\u03adμα, κ\u03acνουμε μια μικρ\u03ae ιστορικ\u03ae παρ\u03adνθεση, που αν και εν πρ\u03ceτοις \u03ccψεως δεν φα\u03afνεται να \u03adχει καμ\u03afα σχ\u03adση, εν το\u03cdτοις, \u03afσως στο β\u03acθος της να κλε\u03afνει \u03adνα μεγ\u03acλο μυστ\u03aeριο, βασισμ\u03adνο στην χρωστικ\u03ae μελαν\u03afνη.<\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n

Σε γενικ\u03adς γραμμ\u03adς \u03ccπως \u03aeδη \u03adχει αναφερθε\u03af, ε\u03afναι φανερ\u03cc πως η παν\u03afδα β\u03acφεται απ\u03cc διαφορετικ\u03adς χρωστικ\u03adς απ\u03cc αυτ\u03adς που β\u03acφουν την χλωρ\u03afδα. <\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

Η παν\u03afς οφε\u03afλει το χρ\u03ceμα της σε τρεις βασικ\u03adς ομ\u03acδες χρωστικ\u03ceν ουσι\u03ceν (αιμογλομπ\u03afνη, καροτ\u03afνη, μελαν\u03afνη), εν\u03ce η χλωρ\u03afς πα\u03afρνει κι’ αυτ\u03ae τα χρ\u03ceματ\u03ac της απ\u03cc \u03acλλες τρεις βασικ\u03adς ομ\u03acδες (χλωροφ\u03cdλλη, καροτ\u03afνη, φλαβ\u03ccνες). Η καροτ\u03afνη ε\u03afναι η μ\u03ccνη κοιν\u03ae χρωστικ\u03ae και στα δυο βασ\u03afλεια.<\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

Πιο σχολαστικ\u03ac, μπορο\u03cdμε να πο\u03cdμε \u03ccτι τα δυο αυτ\u03ac ζ\u03ceντα βασ\u03afλεια χρωματ\u03afζονται απ\u03cc 5 ομ\u03acδες βιολογικ\u03ceν χρωστικ\u03ceν ουσι\u03ceν, εκ των οπο\u03afων η μια ε\u03afναι κοιν\u03ae και για τα δυο βασ\u03afλεια.<\/i><\/o:p><\/span><\/i><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n

<\/o:p><\/span> <\/font><\/o:p><\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/o:p><\/span>\"\" <\/font><\/o:p><\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

<\/o:p><\/span><\/i><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/o:p><\/span> <\/font><\/o:p><\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Αξιοπερ\u03afεργο \u03ccμως ε\u03afναι πως η μελαν\u03afνη, χρωστικ\u03ae του ζωικο\u03cd βασιλε\u03afου, εμφαν\u03afζεται σε σπ\u03acνιες περιπτ\u03ceσεις και στον κ\u03ccσμο των φυτ\u03ceν, \u03ccπου \u03adχει εντοπιστε\u03af στους κυ\u03acμους, στα κουκι\u03ac, που απαγορευ\u03ccταν στους Πυθαγ\u03ccρειους να τα τρ\u03ceνε. Κατ\u03ac την παρ\u03acδοση δε, και \u03ccπως αναφ\u03adρει ο Διογ\u03adνης Λα\u03adρτιος στο \u03adργο του «β\u03afοι φιλοσ\u03ccφων», \u03adνα χωρ\u03acφι κυ\u03acμων \u03adγινε αιτ\u03afα της σ\u03cdλληψης και του σκοτωμο\u03cd του μεγ\u03acλου φιλ\u03ccσοφου.<\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

Λ\u03adει λοιπ\u03ccν ο Διογ\u03adνης Λα\u03adρτιος πως κατ\u03ac μια εκδοχ\u03ae, (μια παρ\u03ccμοια περιγρ\u03acφει και ο \u0388ρμιππος), ο Πυθαγ\u03ccρας π\u03adθανε κατ\u03ac τον εξ\u03aeς τρ\u03ccπο:<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/o:p><\/font><\/span> <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Βρισκ\u03ccταν μαζ\u03af με τους φ\u03afλους του στο σπ\u03afτι του Μ\u03afλωνα και κ\u03acποιος απ\u03cc εκε\u03afνους που δεν ε\u03afχαν αξιωθε\u03af να γ\u03afνουν μαθητ\u03adς του, απ\u03cc τη ζ\u03aeλεια του, τους κατηγ\u03ccρησε για συνωμοσ\u03afα και \u03adβαλε φωτι\u03ac στο σπ\u03afτι. \u0386λλοι ισχυρ\u03afζονται πως αυτ\u03cc το \u03adκαναν οι \u03afδιοι οι Κροτωνι\u03acτες φοβο\u03cdμενοι εγκαθ\u03afδρυση τυρανν\u03afας απ\u03cc τους Πυθαγ\u03ccρειους. Ο Πυθαγ\u03ccρας και οι παρευρισκ\u03ccμενοι μαθητ\u03adς του τρ\u03adχοντας προσπ\u03acθησαν να ξεφ\u03cdγουν απ\u03cc τους δι\u03ceκτες του, \u03ccταν ο μεγ\u03acλος δ\u03acσκαλος \u03adφθασε μπροστ\u03ac απ\u03cc \u03adνα χωρ\u03acφι κατ\u03acσπαρτο με κουκι\u03ac. Μη θ\u03adλοντας να περ\u03acσει μ\u03adσα απ\u03cc το χωρ\u03acφι, στ\u03acθηκε εκε\u03af λ\u03adγοντας πως προτιμο\u03cdσε να συλληφθε\u03af παρ\u03ac να το πατ\u03aeσει και να σκοτωθε\u03af παρ\u03ac να μιλ\u03aeσει. \u0388τσι συνελ\u03aeφθη απ\u03cc αυτο\u03cdς που τον καταδ\u03afωκαν, οι οπο\u03afοι τον \u03adσφαξαν μαζ\u03af με πολλο\u03cdς μαθητ\u03adς του.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Δεν γνωρ\u03afζω αν ο μεγ\u03acλος φιλ\u03ccσοφος ε\u03afχε σχετ\u03afσει τα κουκι\u03ac με την μελαν\u03afνη και αν αυτ\u03ae \u03aeταν η αιτ\u03afα (π\u03adρα απ\u03cc την κυ\u03acμωση) που επ\u03adβαλε στους μαθητ\u03adς του «αποχ\u03ae κυ\u03acμων», νομ\u03afζω \u03ccμως \u03ccτι \u03afσως η μελαν\u03afνη να κρατ\u03ac το κλειδ\u03af του μυστηρ\u03afου.<\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

Δεν γνωρ\u03afζω επ\u03afσης αν αυτ\u03cc απασχολε\u03af τους σ\u03cdγχρονους Πυθαγ\u03ccρειους, εμ\u03adνα \u03ccμως με απασχ\u03ccλησε αρκετ\u03cc καιρ\u03cc…..<\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a> <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Translated into English<\/span><\/u><\/p>\n

Melanin and Pythagoras<\/span><\/u><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

We have already referred<\/span><\/span> in<\/span> previous<\/span> posts<\/span> about the<\/span> bio<\/span> pigments<\/span> of the<\/span> two living kingdoms,<\/span> the animal one<\/span> and<\/span> flora<\/span> and before<\/span> we go<\/span> further on<\/span> in<\/span> this<\/span> color<\/span> theme<\/span>, we make a<\/span> little<\/span> historical<\/span> parenthesis<\/span>, that<\/span> although<\/span> at<\/span> first<\/span> sight<\/span> seems to have<\/span> no relation with our theme<\/span>, however<\/span>, perhaps in depth<\/span> is<\/span> leading to<\/span> a<\/span> big<\/span> mystery<\/span>, based on melanin pigment<\/span>.
\nIn<\/span> general,<\/span> as<\/span> already<\/span> mentioned<\/span>, it is obvious<\/span> that<\/span> animals<\/span> are colored<\/span> by<\/span> different<\/span> pigments<\/span> than<\/span> those<\/span> who<\/span> color<\/span> flora<\/span>.
\nAnimals’ colors<\/span> caused due<\/span> three<\/span> main<\/span> groups of bio<\/span> pigments<\/span> (Haemoglobin<\/span>, carotene<\/span>, melanin<\/span>) and flora gets<\/span> its<\/span> colors<\/span> from<\/span> other<\/span> three<\/span> main<\/span> groups<\/span> (chlorophyll<\/span>, carotene, <\/span>flavones)<\/span>. Carotene<\/span> is<\/span> the only<\/span> common<\/span> bio pigment<\/span> in both<\/span> kingdoms<\/span>.
\nMore<\/span> thoroughly<\/span>, we can<\/span> say<\/span> that<\/span> these two<\/span> live kingdoms<\/span> are colored<\/span> by<\/span> 5<\/span> groups<\/span> of organic<\/span> pigments<\/span>, of<\/span> which<\/span> only one<\/span> is<\/span> common to<\/span> both<\/span> kingdoms<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Strange is<\/span><\/span> that<\/span> melanin,<\/span> pigment<\/span> of the animal<\/span> kingdom<\/span>, rarely<\/span> appears as well in the world of<\/span> plants<\/span>, where it<\/span> is<\/span> found in broad<\/span> beans<\/span>, the<\/span> beans<\/span>, which<\/span> were prohibited<\/span> to be eaten by<\/span> Pythagoreans<\/span>. According<\/span> to<\/span> tradition<\/span> and<\/span> as is reported<\/span> by<\/span> Diogenes<\/span> Laertius<\/span> in his<\/span> "<\/span>Lives of Philosophers<\/span>, " a<\/span> broad bean<\/span> field<\/span> was the cause<\/span> of the<\/span> arrest<\/span> and<\/span> killing of<\/span> the great philosopher<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

So<\/span><\/span> says<\/span> Diogenes<\/span> Laertius<\/span> that<\/span> in<\/span> one version<\/span> (<\/span>a similar<\/span> description<\/span> is given also by<\/span> Hermippos<\/span>) Pythagoras<\/span> died<\/span> in<\/span> the following<\/span> manner<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

He was<\/span><\/span> with<\/span> friends<\/span> at the home<\/span> of<\/span> Milon<\/span> and somebody<\/span> of<\/span> those<\/span> who<\/span> were not<\/span> deemed worthy<\/span> to<\/span> become<\/span> one of his disciples<\/span>, under jealousy<\/span>, accused them<\/span> of<\/span> conspiracy<\/span> and<\/span> put the house on fire<\/span>. Others<\/span> claim<\/span> that<\/span> they were accused by the people of<\/span> Croton<\/span> fearing<\/span> the establishment<\/span> of tyranny<\/span> by<\/span> the Pythagoreans<\/span>. Pythagoras<\/span> and<\/span> his bystander students<\/span> ran<\/span> trying<\/span> to<\/span> escape<\/span> from their pursuers<\/span>, when the<\/span> great teacher<\/span> came<\/span> in front<\/span> of<\/span> a<\/span> field<\/span> studded<\/span> with<\/span> broad beans<\/span>. Not wanting<\/span> to<\/span> escape running<\/span> through<\/span> the<\/span> field<\/span> he said it was preferred<\/span> to be<\/span> arrested<\/span> rather<\/span> than<\/span> to step on that field<\/span> and<\/span> to be killed<\/span> than<\/span> to<\/span> speak<\/span>. So<\/span> he was arrested<\/span> by<\/span> those<\/span> who<\/span> pursued him<\/span> and was massacred<\/span> along with<\/span> many<\/span> of his students<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

I do not know<\/span><\/span> if<\/span> the<\/span> great<\/span> philosopher<\/span> had<\/span> correlated broad beans with<\/span> melanin<\/span> and<\/span> if<\/span> that was<\/span> the<\/span> cause (<\/span>beyond cyanosis<\/span>) that he imposed<\/span> on his<\/span> students<\/span> “abstinence of broad<\/span> beans<\/span>” but I believe<\/span> the<\/span> pigment<\/span> perhaps holds the key<\/span> to<\/span> the<\/span> mystery<\/span>.
\nI do not know<\/span> if<\/span> that<\/span> also<\/span> employs<\/span> modern<\/span> Pythagoreans<\/span>, but<\/span> this thought bothered<\/span> me<\/span> for some<\/span> time…<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Η μελαν\u03afνη και ο Πυθαγ\u03ccρας       Μιλ\u03aeσαμε \u03aeδη σε προηγο\u03cdμενα posts για τις βιο χρωστικ\u03adς των δυο βασιλε\u03afων, του ζωικο\u03cd και του φυτικο\u03cd και πριν μπο\u03cdμε αναλυτικ\u03ccτερα στο χρωματικ\u03cc αυτ\u03cc θ\u03adμα, κ\u03acνουμε μια μικρ\u03ae ιστορικ\u03ae παρ\u03adνθεση, που αν και εν πρ\u03ceτοις \u03ccψεως δεν φα\u03afνεται να \u03adχει καμ\u03afα σχ\u03adση, εν το\u03cdτοις, \u03afσως στο β\u03acθος […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,5,79],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2556","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","category-istorimata-me-xromata","category-fisikaixromata"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xromata.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2556","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xromata.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xromata.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xromata.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xromata.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2556"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/xromata.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2556\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2638,"href":"https:\/\/xromata.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2556\/revisions\/2638"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xromata.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2556"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xromata.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2556"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xromata.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2556"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}